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Art reviews

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Tangible elusiveness

A part of "Affidavit", the exhibition by Bharathesh G.D. at Bar1 (May 12 to 14), one faced on entering the space was meant, as the title suggested, to only document or merely indicate the character of the works he had displayed in Bern after his Swiss residency last year.

Without being able to experience it as art, one gathered that the series revolving round "Sound Signature" 'where language takes form and sound remains abstract' proved the mutually responsive but enigmatic and resistant to measurement interdependence of what ones sees and hears.

Although the effort at somewhat evoking the feel of the Swiss event through screening a silent video did not succeed, the viewer could realise how much the current preoccupation with synaesthesia came from elements dormant in his earlier multi-media endeavours.

This led to the best results in the new sculptural installation which based on Bharathesh's familiar fascination with very intense, overbearing and raw sensations that trigger a layered potential of not exclusively divergent associations of meaning, while an intuition of dynamic and strong but not quite clear processes and emotions arising is generated.

If one found such approach to art-making suitable to the nature of the social and natural environment in India before, the impression persisted this time too.

The installation "Remains as it can" indeed enhanced the premonition of several levels and manifestations of things observed in their shaping, the very impermanence of the main substance used underscoring the powerful yet ungraspable impact of the phenomenon simultaneously on different senses.

In the dim room, one first felt the blend of the aesthetic and the rough, as three simple, black pedestals covered in glass carried dark, serpentine bodies that expanding emerged from tiny chemical tablets normally used in fire crackers during festivals here.

Slowly, one began to notice that a laser beam grid cut across the forms making them burn at some points. The red lines in the air, becoming more lucid amid smoke and yet intangible, generated grainy, glowing wounds in the curving volumes whose almost ornamental curlicues acquired a sensuous coarseness that let one remember organic life and human skin.

Smelling the partly natural, incense-like aroma and attuning oneself to the sharp-dull-cracking-windy sounds recorded while handling the material, one could gauge the ambiguous, subtle and irresistible force of the imperceptibly exploding substance that unfolds by itself and which doomed science tries to name in chemical formulae and span within laser rays.

Even if the burning was too slow to spot, the awareness that everything there would eventually turn into ashes heightened the aura of life ever processing itself and fragile in its mutating expressiveness.

This piece being truly powerful, one may not have paid equal attention to the video screened nearby, especially that it did not always function well.

One from the "Sound Signature" cycle, it took advantage of the hall architecture so as to conjure a somewhat painting-like frame for the picture in a recess, both elements of the video creating flickering abstract patterns and stretches of pastel hues that may have let one think of landscape.

Whereas the artist's explanation helped the spectator feel the sculptural pieces better, coming to know here that the very pleasant visuals had been drawn from retina and eye scans did not really flesh out the intended content and left one wondering whether to connect the rhythm with sound.

Farming abstraction

The display of paintings by Roshan Sahi which happened some time ago at Jaaga looked unpretentiously nice but made one wonder about the anachronistic the manner in which they handled abstraction.

The saturated brightness of the few smallish compositions was muted on a cultured note without overstressing contrasts but bringing out gentle pulsations from underneath.

Against the large white backgrounds, the works added together to aesthetic design.

The viewer was taken by their innocence but at the same time baffled by the date nature of their content that in fact could be associated with early phases of European Modernism, something one does not encounter much here nowadays.

Evidently non-representational in their look and intention, they works nonetheless appeared to be compelled to hold abstract forms within relatively defined contours of forms close to geometry, as though the artist did not have enough courage yet to free himself from representation at least in such terms.

The motifs of repeating varied arching shapes and fanning out ones with straight lines allowed one think of Futurist or even Vortricist precedents, original ones as well as absorbed by older art school teaching in this country.

Marta Jakimowicz

Soothing ragas for the soul

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melodious Nagaraj Rao Havaldar (centre) performing.Well-known classical singer Nagaraj Rao Havaldar took the stage at the Ananya Sabhangana, Malleswaram recently to present a Hindustani recital to the music-lovers of the City.

Accompanied by MNagesh on the tabla and Ashwin Walavalkar on the harmonium, Dr Nagaraj's performance was a treat to all the classical music aficionados.

Aleading artiste of the Kirana Gharana, Nagaraj is a disciple of Madhava Gudi, who is in turn a disciple of Pandit Bhimsen Joshi.

Gifted with a powerful voice that easily traverses three octaves, Nagaraj's
performances have always been appreciated by the
music-lovers.

His renditions of compositions in various languages create a spiritually uplifting ambience, which was experienced by all those who were present at the concert.
Nagaraj started the evening on an unusual note.

He presented a Kannada composition by Purandaradasa which is usually not heard in a Hindustani classical concert.

"Generally, Hindustani music is associated with Hindi, Bhojpuri and Punjabi songs. AKannada song is usually sung as a devaranama (a devotional song) at a Hindustani concert. But I changed it into a khayal and presented it," explained Nagaraj.
Post this, he presented a composition in raga durga and followed it up with raga nat malhar, which is a confluence of two ragas — chhayanat and miya
malhar.

He then presented yet another Kannada composition by Purandaradasa titled Nanena Madideno Rangayya, which was appreciated by one and all. He ended the concert with a composition in raga bhairavi.

Raghavendra, one of the organisers of the show and a fan of classical music, simply loved the performance. "What I liked about the show was the fact that in the beginning itself, he presented a Kannada composition as it is normally assumed that Kannada songs are not the main ragas in a Hindustani music show,"he said.

"One could see the styles of Madhav Gudi and Bhimsen Joshi in him," he added. It was a walk down memory lane for Raghavendra too.

"We had organised one of his shows in 1995 and till date, he is very heartwarming and polished," he summed up.

GO GREEN

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Sustainable mantras from Prof Chanakya

Professor Hoysala Chanakya from the Centre of Sustainable Technologies, attached to the prestigious Indian Institute of Science (IISc), is dressed in jeans and a cotton shirt when this writer meets him at the IISc campus. He is dressed in sustainable clothing: cotton is a natural fibre while denim doesn't require a wash after every use.

"We changed the name of our institute from ASTRA to the Centre of Sustainable Technologies twelve years ago, since it reflected our work more precisely, before the word 'sustainability' became the buzzword it is today," says the professor. Earlier, ASTRA stood for Application of Science and Technology for Rural Areas. Consumerism is a growing problem, the professor acknowledges. "A largely ignored part of Chanakya Niti, the teachings of Chanakya, concerns entitlement. The master thinker and strategist always said, 'only expect and receive that which you are truly entitled to'.

That means, in everyday life, eating and consuming in moderation, with due respect to the rights of others. The need of the hour is to have the wisdom to use only what is really needed, and staying away from the temptations of consumerism." The professor gives an example of how today, newer and better versions of everyday devices like laptops, tablets and smart phones keep flooding the market. "So many people upgrade to newer devices when their old ones can still do 95 per cent of what the so-called upgrade can do. And the old devices are not that old to begin with!" Avoiding ostentation and preventing waste during ceremonies is another way of conserving and sustaining. "So many people have a birthday party or some other ceremony on almost as grand a scale as a wedding. We can instead honour every occasion on a scale it deserves."

Opting for eco-friendly construction is really a matter of choice, adds the professor.

"Glass buildings are energy-guzzlers. Glass reflects heat and light into the office, so people inside make the air conditioning stronger to take care of this heat. This means consuming greater energy to keep the air conditioning working at higher performance.

Glass buildings in fact increase the temperature in the surrounding areas because of the heat dumped outside by the numerous air conditioners. It's a vicious cycle." The Centre itself has been constructed with a combination of soil mixtures and binders.

This combination does not conduct heat, keeping the rooms naturally cool. The technology was developed in the Centre itself and has been used to build eco-friendly constructions all over India.

Participatory technology

Talking about the other initiatives of the Centre, Professor Chanakya says, "We have always followed what is today called participatory technology. In the past, we approached villagers and discussed the common problems encountered by them. In response, the team here developed much more efficient wood burning cooking devices, which are now used by the villagers. We have also developed biomass gasification methods for alternative energy supply, among other things." The IISc campus has two biomass plants. The bigger one, a student informs me, takes care of the energy requirements of the entire campus canteen. The professor says that social awareness about sustainability measures is the only way to counter growing ecological dangers.

Government laws curtailing excessive and hazardous industrialisation can be circumvented by some of the unscrupulous businesses with a stay order from the Court. The way to prevent misuse is to take the movement to the people and increase awareness. The government and businesses will then be forced to comply, adds the professor. He concludes by saying that within the next decade, Bangalore and a lot of other major cities will face a huge water scarcity problem, among other environmental issues.

Bhakti Bapat

Interfere at your own peril

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The notion of connecting fragmented habitats so wildlife have access to critical habitat has been gaining ground. But, disease ecologists say it may also spread disease. Research on wild systems will help us understand whether human beings should interfere in natural ecosystems, and how such interference can affect ecology and evolution, discovers Jim Robbins

High in the Wallowa Mountains of northeastern Oregon, Raina K Plowright and other researchers took blood samples of a herd of bighorn sheep apart from taking swabs of their noses and throats. "There's lots of places for pathogens to hide in the nasal cavity," said Plowright, a wildlife scientist with the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics at Penn State. This is part of the nascent field of eco-immunology, which seeks both to understand the immune systems of wild animals and to use that knowledge for a better understanding of human immune systems. Until recently, this knowledge was gleaned by studying pampered, genetically similar lab animals, which don't reflect a real-world scenario.

Eco-immunology works to understand how disease spreads in wildlife populations - the bighorn sheep are in trouble because of pneumonia that spread from domestic sheep - and how it can be worsened by human and environmental factors like climate change. Another major goal is to understand the pathways that deadly diseases can follow from wildlife to humans.

Going viral and how!

In the past 30 years, over 300 infectious diseases in humans originated in animals, including AIDS, Ebola, SARS, Lyme, hantavirus, West Nile virus and new strains of flu.

(Humans are also believed to have passed metapneumovirus to mountain gorillas in Africa.) In her native Australia, Plowright was involved in pioneering disease research on the little red flying fox, an intelligent nectar-sipping bat.

After the 1994 emergence of a deadly virus called Hendra in humans and horses in northeastern Australia, biologists found that it came from flying foxes. In 2008, Plowright discovered that stress appears to weaken the bats' immune system, and that is when they are likely to shed the most virus. "Trying to kill or move bats could make things worse by stressing them" and causing them to excrete more of the virus in their waste. This has quieted calls for large-scale bat removal, and Australia has committed millions of dollars to a project to understand viral ecology in bats.

The interconnections between human and animal diseases have led to new efforts to understand these mechanisms. "The wild is a null system, a system without interference," said Peter J Hudson, a biologist at Penn State and founder of the infectious disease centre there. "Research on wild systems," he continued, "will help us answer the question of 'Should we interfere, and how does interference affect the ecology and evolution of these bugs? Will the application of vaccines and antibiotics create more health problems?" "Some researchers believe, for example, that the rise in autoimmune disorders may be caused by a lack of stimulation of human immune systems by certain microbes.

Much about the diseases that originate in wildlife is a mystery. In the case of bat viruses, experts believe they evolved for millions of years in intact bat ecosystems, with the animals passing it to one another over and over, causing low-grade infections and building their immune defenses. Jonathan H Epstein, a veterinarian and a disease ecologist has used experimental infections to understand Nipah virus, closely related to Hendra. The new work on wild immune systems casts disease in a new light: as an environmental issue. One ecological driver of bat virus transmission is development in the flying foxes' natural habitat. Instead of living in a wild forest, the bats swoop into the cities and suburbs that replaced it, feeding on nectar in gardens and trees and then passing viruses along to horses and humans.

Why keep an ecosystem intact?

A common thread, disease ecologists say, is that clearing or altering a forest can be akin to opening a Pandora's box. Keeping nature intact, or developing it in sustainable ways, protects against disease ."If you conserve an ecosystem you have a jolly good chance of conserving human health as well," said Simon Anthony, a molecular virologist with EcoHealth who is studying the ecology of Nipah and other viruses.

Richard S Ostfeld, a disease ecologist at the Cary Institute for Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, NY, has been studying the causes of Lyme disease. White-footed mice are a reservoir for the bacteria that creates Lyme, and Ostfeld says one reason they are so successful at it is that they reproduce very rapidly when the woods are developed and their predators disappear.

Because they live only six months, they may put their energy into breeding at the expense of immune defense and so magnify the prevalence of Lyme. Diseases might even be spread by things that are otherwise good for the environment. The notion of connecting fragmented habitats so wildlife have access to critical habitat has been gaining ground. But disease ecologists say it may also spread disease. Bighorn sheep, for example, are moved around the West by wildlife agencies to build populations - but with little thought to pneumonia, Plowright said. "When we alter the environment abruptly," Plowright said, "we radically change the balance between diseases and the immune system, which can affect the entire web of life, including humans. We are just beginning to understand this."


Trouble with tourism

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A solar heating system, water recycling unit or use of paper bags has become reason enough for establishments to lay claim to the eco-tourism label. True benefits to the environment and society will accrue only when local communities are made central to the tourism enterprise, Raghunandan H and Smithin G

The shocking incident of drunk tourists beating up an official of the Forest Department, Madan Nayak in Dandeli - because he objected to them feeding wild crocodiles - and his subsequent death, is a harsh reminder of the often overlooked problems of tourism.

Post liberalisation, as India continues to motor along the path of pro-market economic and trade regimes, major shifts have occurred in the way people travel. With an increase in disposable incomes, people are seeking 'offbeat' destinations, and hitherto virgin locations are rapidly opening up for tourism without taking into account the environmental, social, cultural and economic impacts that are created. The mainstream perception that all forms of ecotourism are favourable for people and the environment needs to be critically examined.

The prerogative of eco-tourism seems to be tourist 'satisfaction'. As a result, entertainment of the tourists is considered more important than meaningful immersion; big animal sighting is preferred to flora, fauna and small animals. Also, there is no space for local communities to interact or engage with tourists. It is no surprise then, that the interpretation of tourism has such a stark urban focus - alcohol, bonfires, loud music et al.

Wildlife tourism, which has received a boost in the past 10 - 15 years, from the government as well as the tourism industry, was an activity was once limited to naturalists, wildlifers and researchers. Over the past five-seven years, wildlife tourism has started seeing an increasing number of excursionists and picnickers visiting wildlife sanctuaries, interest being especially in the big animals like the lion, tiger, rhino and the elephant or in specific animals found in a region like crocodiles and alligators in the Kali river and Bhitarkanika, Odisha or the turtles of Gahirmatha and the Masheer fish in some parts of the Cauvery river. This has led to unscrupulous tourism practices causing increased pressure on wildlife and the environment.

Tourism is probably the only industry which sells what it does not create, not conserve. Adding insult to injury is the voyeuristic format of ecotourism today. Tourists consider the sighting, feeding, taking pictures of the big animal their birthright. There are ever so many examples of tourists having verbally abused guides, safari jeep drivers if a tiger/lion/rhino is not sighted. No amount of consolation is to be had even if the tourists see some good patches of forests of sal, teak and other trees or if there is a sighting of a rare bird or even the majestic bison.

The nature of ecotourism activities are common across all ecotourism sites, irrespective of where they are situated in the country. Clearly, the activities don't take into account the cultural and social specificities of communities in the region, nor the special role that each of the communities has played over several centuries in terms of conservation. On the other hand, even cultures of adivasi and other forest dwelling communities are used as tourism products in cultural / tribal tours thereby making people themselves tourism products to be consumed. The tribal tours in Odhisa and the Andaman & Nicobar islands are testimony to this.

What is eco-tourism?

Often, tourism in ecologically fragile areas is easily and mistakenly passed off as 'eco-tourism'. Key components of eco-tourism include contributions to conservation of biodiversity, benefits to adivasi communities, minimum consumption of resources, addressing site specific issues, local participation, ownership and business opportunities, catering to small groups by small-scale businesses, including an interpretation/awareness experience and involving responsible behaviour on the part of both tourists and the tourism industry.

The government outlines basic principles for ecotourism as defined in the Ecotourism in India - Policy and Guidelines (1998), including compatibility with, and lower impact on, the environment. Biosphere reserves and forests are identified as eco-tourism resources.

This policy is does not say very much about the role of communities in eco-tourism development. In January 2011, the Ministry of Environment and Forests issued draft guidelines for ecotourism in and around Protected Areas. Even this document failed to take into account important legislations such as the Forest Rights Act, 2006 and the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments, which decentralise decision-making to the Gram Panchayats and Urban Local Bodies.

Resorts have come up illegally in ecologically sensitive areas and are promoting tourism without adhering to basic principles. A solar heating system, water recycling unit or use of paper bags has become reason enough for an establishment to lay claim to the ecotourism label. The growing popularity of eco-tourism has paid scant attention to the rights of adivasi people which have been raised by civil society organisations. Growing evidence points to the fact that eco-tourism does not directly contribute to conservation due to the extractive nature of tourism. Tourism has the potential to raise resources for conservation through collection of fees through gate receipts and that too only in reserve areas. In this context, ecotourism has become a mere 'greenwash', and the underlying principles are misunderstood and misinterpreted by both tourism establishments and tourists alike, either wilfully or in ignorance.

The demands most often placed by 'ecotourists' are contrary to the idea of tourism which is supposed to be environmentally friendly and set in local context. Many resorts operating in forests have facilities such as airconditioners and swimming pools, and exotic food. Research has shown that tourism establishments are unwilling to give up on these facilities since they fear that if they don't offer these to tourists, they will lose out on business.

Reclaiming core principles

For eco-tourism to achieve its stated purpose of conservation, conservation education and community development, a drastic and fundamental change in attitude towards tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular is essential. True benefits to the environment and society will accrue only when local communities are made central to the tourism enterprise.

There is a dire need to impart environmental and cultural education, as part of an experience in a protected area. The government should develop mechanisms for the regulation of ecotourism with space for community representation. Tourism in ecologically-sensitive areas should be in the framework of authentic community-based, low-footprint, small-scale tourism with sustainable benefits and minimum negative impacts. The local governing bodies - the Panchayats in villages and municipal corporations in urban areas - should be officially made part of the decision-making processes.

The fundamental issues of eco-tourism need to be addressed, and attempts must be made to make ecotourism democratic, socially just and sustainable in a way so that both communities and tourists benefit.

(The writers are part of EQUATIONS, a research, campaign and advocacy organisation working on the impacts of tourism.)

SNIPPETS

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What's that organ in whales?

The group of whales called rorquals gulp vast amounts of water, then expel it through their comblike baleen plates to filter out millions of fish for consumption in seconds. The technique requires a complex and rapid movement of the jaws. Now scientists have discovered a sensory organ in the whales' chins that helps them orchestrate it.

Writing in the journal Nature, the researchers explain that the organ is composed of connective tissue and suspended in a gel-like substance in the space between the tips of the two lower jawbones. "It's analogous to having a water balloon in between two telephone poles," said the study's first author, Nicholas D Pyenson, a paleobiologist at the Smithsonian Institution. Pyenson and his colleagues believe that the organ informs the brain about the position of the jaw and enables the whale to open and close it rapidly. The researchers also found that the nerves that go into the sensory organs are the same nerves that connect with chin hairs; these hairs and the newly discovered organ may also be helping the whales locate prey. The rorquals - including blue, humpback and fin whales - are difficult to study because of their great size, but researchers were given access to two carcasses at a whaling station in Iceland.

"Whales are not laboratory animals," Pyenson said. "There are still many outstanding questions; we don't know how they find prey and how they hear each other."

'Goldilocks effect' & hunger to learn

Infants are constantly trying to make sense of the world around them, and they do this by seeking out situations that are neither too simple nor too complex. Writing in the journal PLoS One, a team of researchers from the University of Rochester call it the "Goldilocks effect."

Babies "are seeking out the type of learning material from the world that's most efficient for them to learn from," said the study's lead author, Celeste Kidd, a cognitive scientist at the university.

Her team measured the attention patterns of 72 infants, ages 7 and 8 months, as they watched video animations while an eye-tracking device below the screen followed their gaze. The babies lost interest when the pattern of objects displayed on the screen became too predictable. And they also lost interest when the sequence became too surprising and random. The study suggests that infants are much more actively engaged in seeking out information from the world than previously thought, Kidd said.

And that means that they do not need fancy toys to learn, she said. A reasonably stimulating environment provides rich possibilities. "Every parent wants to give their kid the best opportunities possible," she said. "But the child is playing with whatever is in front of them; they're doing the best with it they can."

Sindya N BhanooNew York Times News Service

Revisiting the exoplanet puzzle

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Is Fomalhaut B a star or a planet? That's the question that has been on many planet hunters' minds since the mid-80s. The latest round of Hubble Space Telescope observations could help resolve the controversy, writes Roy Cowen

Twinkle, twinkle, little spot: Are you a real world or not? Pinning down the elusive nature of Fomalhaut b, a faint speck of light discerned within the glare of a nearby star, has proved to be far from child's play. At stake are bragging rights to the first optical image of an exoplanet, and one that is close enough to be studied in detail. But since Fomalhaut b was first reported in 2008, its identity has been the subject of intense debate. The latest round of Hubble Space Telescope observations, that began on May 27, could help to resolve the controversy.

Located a mere 7.7 parsecs (25 light years) away, the star Fomalhaut has captivated planet hunters since the mid-1980s, when infrared observations revealed that it is surrounded by dust - a possible signal of a recently formed solar system. In 2005, after further study showed that the dust took the form of a narrow band with a sharp inner edge, astronomer Paul Kalas of the University of California, Berkeley, and his colleagues suggested that a planet's gravity was shaping the dust's structure.

Planet or star?

Proof seemed to come in 2008, when Kalas and his collaborators reported that Hubble observations of the Fomalhaut star system nearly two years apart revealed a spot that shifted position, as would be expected of a body orbiting just inside the dust band's inner edge. From its brightness, they proposed that the object, Fomalhaut b, is a planet roughly half the mass of Jupiter. That would make it the first exoplanet to be directly imaged in visible light rather than through indirect effects, such as a wobble of the parent star.

Because of the star's extreme brilliance, says Kalas, "Everything you see, even the dust belt, is extremely difficult to image." Puzzling details in the data left the matter far from settled. By the time of the second Hubble observation, in 2006, Fomalhaut b had faded to half the brightness observed in 2004 at an optical wavelength of 0.6 micrometers. Even more troubling, a preliminary search for the object in the infrared - the part of the spectrum in which newborn planets are expected to glow the brightest - failed to reveal anything.

Efforts to learn more were thwarted in January 2007, when the camera channel used by Hubble to acquire the image stopped working. Instead, in 2010, Kalas made a third set of observations using the older Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on Hubble. Those results suggested that the object is heading into the dust band - not the path expected for a planet sculpting the band's inner edge. Earlier this year, another team reported that NASA's infrared Spitzer Space Telescope had failed to detect the body at all.

What dust suggests

On April 27, a modelling study showed that a star might form a narrow band of dust without needing a planet to shape it. "There could still be a planet there, but the light detected has to come from something else, most likely from scattering of starlight by a large cloud of dust," says astronomer David Lafreniere of the University of Montreal in Quebec, Canada, who is a co-author of the Spitzer study.

Lafreniere notes that another recent study supports that idea. Images from the European Space Agency's Herschel Space Observatory reveal that the band around Fomalhaut is packed with fine dust, which the star's radiation pressure continually sweeps into interstellar space. For the dust band to be maintained, the study's authors conclude, the equivalent of 2,000 one-kilometer-wide comets must be destroyed in the ring every day. Such destruction could create a compact cloud of dust that would shine like the object seen by Hubble, says Lafreniere. Adding to the intrigue, Christian Marois and Rapha Galicher of the Herzberg Institute for Astrophysics near Victoria in British Columbia, Canada, have reanalysed the original Hubble data and say they cannot confirm that Fomalhaut b has faded or that it is veering into the dust band. Marois adds that a much bigger surprise could be lurking in the analysis, but he won't unveil details until mid-June, when Kalas plans to release the results of the next Hubble observations.

Those spectrograph images should help to pin down the orbit of Fomalhaut b and whether it varies in brightness, Kalas says. But to determine whether the object is truly a planet, he adds, Hubble will have to monitor it for several more years to see whether it behaves as a planet, a dust cloud or something else.Some researchers, however, have already consigned Fomalhaut b to the dustbin. "Some people are bending over backward to keep the planet alive. There's no justification any more," says Ray Jayawardhana, an astronomer at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada. Along with Lafreniere and other collaborators, he is co-discoverer of another object, J1609, which he says is the first true exoplanet to be imaged directly.Over to you, Hubble.

TV Talk

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Friends with benefits

noncommittal Natalie Portman and Ashton Kutcher. HBO presents 'No Strings Attached' on June 5 at 9 pm. Natalie Portman and Ashton Kutcher play life-long friends Emma and Adam who almost ruin everything by having sex one morning.

In order to protect their friendship, they make a pact to keep their relationship strictly 'no strings attached', meaning no jealousy, no expectations, no fighting, no flowers and no 'baby' voices.

It means they can do whatever they want, whenever they want, in whatever public space they want. But the question is can you have sex without love getting in the way?And can their friendship survive?

Sisters fallen apart

What happens when excessive pride and greed seep into family relationships? When lacklustre walls of fake glory and glitter come crumbling down? Life OK's show Amrit Manthan highlights the importance of a strong value system and
familial ties.

Aroyal drama set in Punjab, Amrit Manthan is the story of two sisters, Amrit and Nimrit, who regress from being best friends to the worst of enemies, an animosity that is sparked by a dwindling dynasty, a facade of royal wealth and excessive pride and greed.

Amrit Manthan highlights a key problem of today's imbalanced life - that excessive pride and greed can ruin relationships. It displays the gnawing importance given to wealth and social status by society today. The engaging drama is a riveting mixture of values, real-life instances and brings to fore a rustic yet relevant matter.

Amrit Manthan airs on June 5 at 8 pm.

Major wardrobe change


Watch 'Plain Jane' on TLC on June 5 at 10 pm. Beneath that everyday face you never really noticed lies a swan waiting to be unravelled. 'Plain Jane' does just that — transforms one woman from the inside out in every episode to rip away the 'ordinary' layers formed by lack of time, confidence and taste to create a diva.

Watch as every night, British fashion expert Louise Roe takes one Jane and gives her a head-to-toe transformation including a wardrobe change and confidence building
exercises.

Still going strong

A year and a half ago, Avtar Kishan Hangal (aka A K Hangal), who has made millions weep with his heart-rending performances on screen, was fighting illness and poverty at his residence in Mumbai. But things are now changing for the veteran actor who had also been an active participant in the national struggle for freedom.

The 97-year-old actor, after starring in over 200 films, is all set to return to the small screen with a brand new show, Madhubala. Hangal recently shot for an hour for a scene, where the protagonist Madhubala gets named after her birth on a film set.

Amaster spy

Comedy Central presents 'Archer' on June 5 at 11.30 pm. 'Archer' is set in ISIS, an international spy agency.

In the world of ISIS, global crises are merely opportunities for its highly trained employees to confuse, undermineand betray each other.

At the centre of it all is the suave master spy Sterling Archer, whose less-than-masculine code name is 'Duchess'.

(TV SHOW TIMINGS ARE SUBJECT
TO CHANGE)



Of immobilising radioactive waste

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The disposal of nuclear waste has been a point of debate for years now. With every reactor built, the need for safe disposal increases, writes S Ananthanarayanan

Plutonium is a radioactive element that is a by-product of a nuclear reactor. It can also be used as nuclear fuel and to build an atom bomb. When it is used as nuclear fuel, it can be used to create more plutonium, which could make the process self-sustaining. If it isn't used, it is still radioactive and needs to be sequestered and stored. But using it as fuel will produce further by-products which are radioactive and will need to be sequestered and stored. Frank von Hippel, Rodney Ewing, Richard Garwin and Allison Macfarlane, scientists and policy experts in the US have analysed the options in a paper carried in the journal, Nature.

Atoms consist mainly of a number of particles packed in their central nucleus. About half of the particles are electrically charged and the rest - the neutrons - are not. The force that holds the particles together, works to keep them that way, and the energy for this comes from the total energy of the nucleus. When the nucleus gets very large, the force holding the particles together begins to weaken and the nucleus may split into two, with or without some of the particles, like neutrons or groups of particles, which do not find a place in the 'daughter' nuclei, getting left out. But the main change is that the daughter nuclei are collectively more efficiently packed than the parent, and there is 'saved' binding energy to spare. This energy is expressed in violent separation of the daughters or the expulsion of the additional particles that are released. The appearance of these particles is what is usually called radioactivity.

The splitting of the nuclei of some atoms in this way can be induced by the impact of a stray neutron. The uranium 235 atom (U235) is one such. The number, 235, denotes the number of particles in the nucleus. The same element can also exist with a few more, or less, neutrons, because neutrons only affect the mass of the nucleus, not its electric charge. As the charge stays unchanged, the atoms with nuclei differing only in the number of neutrons behave as the same element. Now, when U235 atoms are struck by a neutron, they splits into a pair of daughters plus either two or three free neutrons.

These neutrons can then set off more nuclear fissions, which would release more free neutrons. As neutrons move fast and the distances are small, a mass of U235 atoms could undergo very rapid fission, releasing huge energy. This energy is used to boil water and generate power in the nuclear reactor.

But, this useful kind of uranium atom (U235) is only a small part of natural uranium. The large part is U238 atom, which has three more neutrons and cannot take part in the chain reaction. But the U238 atom is also affected by the neutrons zipping about and it changes into a radioactive form, on being struck, which promptly breaks down into another radioactive element - plutonium. Plutonium decay also generates neutrons, which can set off more decay leading to a chain reaction, just like the one with the U235 atoms. If left-over U238 atoms are packed in a plutonium reactor, more plutonium gets generated, which promises economy of fuel material!

Dangerous remnants

Many daughter elements and by-products of nuclear reactions are also radioactive. Over years of operating nuclear reactors, there can be a build-up of such radioactive waste which poses great danger. In commercial reactors which use uranium ore there are advantages, if processed ore which concentrates the content of U235 atoms, is used.

But it is easier and quicker to use ordinary uranium, rich in U238 atoms. These U238 atoms, which do not take part in the chain reaction, still absorb neutrons and decay into plutonium. Plutonium is radioactive and is an important hazardous by-product of reactors that use natural uranium. As plutonium also undergoes fission during a chain reaction, like U235 atoms, it can also be used, not necessarily in reactors, to make atom bombs.

Simple facilities to generate power using natural uranium would provide a ready source of material for military use.

Apart from the danger of military application, even the plutonium build up needs to be stored, with arrangements to contain its radioactive emissions. The large number of natural uranium reactors world over are said to have generated 500 tonnes of plutonium, enough for 1,00,000 nuclear weapons and a dangerous treasure. This stockpile is largely the result of a separation of plutonium from spent fuel, for use in plutonium reactors which could then 'breed' more fuel. This fuel cycle is the grand plan of India's nuclear programme, supplemented by generations of U233 atoms, another chain-reaction-worthy form of uranium, by exposing thorium, of which India has good resources, to neutrons in plutonium reactors. These proposals of 'breeder' reactors have not taken off and there has been a build-up of stockpiles of plutonium.

Burying waste

The alternative is to 'immobilise' separated plutonium or to directly bury plutonium. The US and Russia had committed to dispose of 34 tonnes each of plutonium stocks. Russia objected to 'immobilisation' as this could be reversed and the fuel recovered. The US also considered converting plutonium into fuel pellets, rather than immobilise, to be economical, but the economy did not materialise. The UK will soon have over a 100 tonnes of separated plutonium and has plans to convert this into fresh 'mixed' fuel. The UK has walked this path earlier but not succeeded.

The Nature report thinks UK should abandon trying to make fresh fuel and resort disposing of the plutonium by 'immobilisation', which is to encase the waste in ceramic and bury it 500 metres deep in a geological repository. This can be done without the precise machining of pellets and if the plutonium is mixed with the waste that comes from the reprocessing plant, it would be so radioactive for a century that it would be safe from thieves or terrorists. The other method is to directly bury the waste out of reach, in boreholes that are 5000 metres deep.

This discussion is about disposal of the plutonium build up, thanks to the weapons programme, the pursuit of the plutonium reactor and the breeder reactor. But even if these programmes had succeeded with the plutonium getting consumed the spent 'mixed' fuel would have needed to be disposed of along with other spent fuel. There is no getting away from the need to dispose of nuclear waste. An evaluation of the geographical areas that would be barred for habitation or other use, over years of generating nuclear energy and burying waste, will place a limit on the power used. It may be more workable to find ways of reducing power consumption and for that, reducing power consumers i.e. population.

Miscellany

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Malleswaram's famed temple

Kaadumalleswara temple, a small but beautiful Shiva temple is one of the historic structures of Bangalore. The locality of Malleswaram got its name from this temple. The principal deity of the temple is known as Mallikarjuna and the goddess there is known as Bhramaramba. These names originated from the famous Jyotirlinga temple at Srisailam in Andhra Pradesh. The temple is under the protection of the Archeological Society of India and is run by the Muzrai Department.

The history of the temple makes for very interesting reading. According to the stone inscription dated 1668-1669 AD present in the temple complex, the son of the army general and subahdar of the then Bijapur Sultan Ali Adil Shah II, granted the village Medaraninganahalli to 'Mallapurada Mallikarjuna'. The 'Mahanadu' or the guild of traders requested him to do so.

However, another story says that two brothers, Malleswara Shetty and Siddappa Shetty, were on their way to the market and taking rest near a stone. They placed one more stone and started cooking their meal.

To their surprise, the colour of the meal turned red. They could not understand the meaning of the event. At night, in a dream, a divine voice told them that the stone on the spot was actually an Udbhava linga. They were directed to build a temple there and they constructed a small temple. Later the temple was reconstructed by the prince.

There are two entrances to the temple, one from the Sampige road and the other from the Lakshmi Narasimha temple side on the parallel road. It has a small garbha griha (sanctum sanctorum), which has five chambers. While the first chamber from the left is lord Kashi Vishwanatha, the ones adjacent to this statue include Prasanna Mahaganapathi, the main deity, Devi Bhramarambha and Lord Mahavishnu in the last chamber. The main deity is not a huge one. The pillars in the navaranga face the garbha griha. A car festival is held a day after Mahashivarathri.

There are several smaller shrines opposite the mukhamantapa. The nandi idol is near the nandi dhwaja. The navagraha shrine is opposite the nandi statue. There is another shivalinga and a Parvathy shrine on the right side of the navagraha temple. There is another small but beautiful nandi idol in front of the small Shiva-Parvathy shrine. The Anjaneya shrine is also near the main temple. Large numbers of devotees visit the temple on Monday and Mahashivarathri is the main festival along with the Navarathri every year.

Story of Malleswaram

Malleswaram is said to be a village named Mallapura originally. It was later developed as a suburb during the Great Plague of 1898, when many people moved into the new extension. Basavanagudi, another well-known extension in South Bangalore, was also formed at the time of the Plague, according to historians.Soumya Narayan Achari

A conquerer of hearts

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June 4 was the 128th birth anniversary of Nalwadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar, whose people-friendly policies won him much acclaim and respect. Ravindra Bhat profiles this people's king.

Mysore has several identities, including brand names prefixed with Mysore. Take Mysore silk, Mysore rasabale, Mysore peta, Mysore pak, for instance. Mysore has been known for all these, but more importantly, for its royalty. The Wodeyar governance was so highly appreciated that a leader of Gandhi's stature called Mysore 'Rama Rajya', the ideal state. Mysore ruler Nalwadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar was given the title 'Raja Rishi'.

Nalwadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar, who was born on June 4, 1884, was a great brand ambassador of Mysore's famed administration.

The Mysore ruler was not known for war; instead it was his people-friendly policies that brought him acclaim. Though Krishnaraja Wodeyar became king at the age of eleven, he was officially coronated only on August 8, 1902. He continued as king till July 31, 1940. Mysore became a model State during his rule, and the State gained many firsts to its name.

It was in 1902 that hydroelectric power was generated at Shivanasamudram for the first time in the whole of Asia. And it was not the king's palace that was electrified first; it was KGF's gold mines. Next was the turn of Bangalore City, followed by Mysore and its Palace, and then, the rest of the State. The Wodeyar was called "Krishnaraja Bhoopa, Mane Mane Deepa," the man who lit up every home in Mysore.

The Mysore Representative Assembly was formed as early as 1881 by Chamarajendra Wodeyar. It was in 1907, during Nalwadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar's period, that the Legislative Council was formed. At a time when some of the so-called 'more developed' countries were seeing protests and campaigns seeking equal franchise for women, by 1923, the women of Mysore state had voting rights.

The secret of Krishnaraja Wodeyar's success was that he co-opted people from all communities and professions into the administrative machinery. He gave a lot of importance to the backward classes, Dalits and socially and financially backward groups.

He constituted the first ever Backward Classes Commission in the whole of India. He implemented the recommendations of the Miller Commission. He also set up a system where people of different communities would get representation in the Assembly based on the demographics of each group.

Among the king's greatest ambitions was education for all; it was to make this dream a reality that he decided to provide free education to Harijans. Also, parents belonging to backward communities were given incentives to send their children to school. Harijan hostels were set up in Mysore, Chikmagalur and Tumkur in 1915, 1916 and 1918 respectively. The king provided an opportunity to many backward sections of society to visit the Navarathri Durbar. Equal opportunities for education were also provided to the Lambani community. The Gazette entry published on November 29, 1918 is an indication of the king's ideas about education for the backward classes.

"The administration cannot support any move that keeps children away from schools based on which section of society or community they belong to. Because public schools are being run for the welfare of all groups of people, education, much like hospitals, courts, train services should be available to all sections of society."

Mysore was also the first State in the country to implement compulsory education. Child labour was abolished and a legislation was brought in to send children between the ages of 7 and 11 to school. In a move to stress the importance of higher education, Mysore University was established in 1916. Urdu education and education for the physically challenged was also prioritised. When Krishnaraja Wodeyar took over the administration, there were 3,884 schools in the State.

By the time he celebrated the silver jubilee of his reign, the number of schools went up to 12,869.As per the advice of Swami Vivekananda, the Indian Institute of Science was set up during his rule.

Mysore and its many firsts

The Krishna Raja Sagar reservoir, built during Nalwadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar's period, provided water to lakhs of farmers in the State. The Thippagondanahalli reservoir that supplies water to Bangalore was also built during this period. Mysore took the highway to progress on all fronts, including roads, banks, hospitals, bridges, etc. Several dams and reservoirs were built between 1923 and 1939.The construction of the Krishna Raja Sagar was started in 1911. Work was completed in 1931. The dam was built at a cost of Rs 2.75 crore. The income of the Mysore state itself was Rs 2.32 crore. There were no excess funds to build the dam. Heavy jewellery from the king's private treasury was sold in Mumbai and funds were made available for the construction of the dam.
In 1930, the birth control wing of the Krishnarajendra Hospital was opened, and it became the first ever government hospital to have a birth control unit. Krishnaraja Wodeyar's reign was also known as the 'golden age of industry'.

The number of industries in Mysore state in 1921 stood at 21. By 1947, it went up to 167. Many industries including Bhadravathi's Mysore Iron and Steel Factory, Bangalore's Government Soap Factory, Lacquer Factory, Porcelain and Glass Factory, were all set up. Nalwadi Wodeyar also started Mysore Paper Mills and Mysore Sugar Factory.

A lot of emphasis was laid on rural development as well. In 1913, the Mysore Village Court Act was implemented. The Gram Panchayat Act was implemented in 1918, and the Agriculturists' Relief Act was implemented in 1928. Lalitadripura was developed as a model village in 1926.

A great sportsman himself, the king also patronised the arts. He abolished the Devadasi system in 1909, and banned 'Gejje Pooje' in temples in 1910. In 1936, the Prostitution Control Act was implemented. Other Acts including the Tobacco and Narcotics Sale Act, and Widow Remarriage Act were also implemented. Widows were given scholarships for education. Abalashramas (for women) were started. In 1933, an Act that would provide Hindu women rights to inherited property was implemented.

An Act that would provide amenities for women labourers was implemented in 1937. A king who ruled many hearts, thanks to his policies that made a huge difference to the common man.

A shoulder to lean on

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The Vasantha Ratna Foundation for Art supports the families of martyrs, both financially and socially. The Foundation recently conducted a camp for wives and children of martyred soldiers. A special one, indeed, discovers Sriranjitha Jeurkar

Summer camps for children are commonplace, but a camp for children and their mothers? Not so much. When those attending the camp are the wives and children of martyred army soldiers, then the camp becomes a rarity, one that is unique. This was a special camp organised by the Vasantha Ratna Foundation for Art, an organisation that is run to help support the families of martyrs -- both financially and socially - and to pay tribute to their sacrifice.

The organisation was founded by Subhashini Vasanth, shortly after her husband Colonel Vasanth Venugopal lost his life battling infiltrators in Kashmir in 2007. Putting her personal tragedy aside, she decided to do something to help other army widows, those who were less fortunate. "In that position, yes, I was sad," she says. "But I had a strong support system, and I founded Vasantha Ratna so I could pass it on. It is a great sacrifice, but you have to detach the martyrdom from your personal loss, because martyrdom or otherwise, your immediate life changes forever," she adds.

Subhashini was struck by the disparity between the ways she was treated at her home, and how the widows of other martyrs, who lived in rural areas, were being treated. "I had an amazing support system. In our society, widows become victims, and there is a stigma attached to widowhood. Either the society around her treats the widow like any other, or she is used by various people for publicity photo-ops. Neither of these helps her as an individual. Some of these women are not even allowed to come to the living room or take part in family functions," she says.

What the camp involved

Thus, the idea to hold the camp and help these women realise that they are worthy, capable and have a shoulder to lean on. The decision to involve the mothers as well as the children was taken to help them bond better, and for the mothers to understand what the children can offer to them. The activities in the camp - which was facilitated by trainers from Pegasus, and organised in Nandi Hills - were structured to have individual sessions for the mothers and the children, and joint sessions as well.

For the mothers, the activities focused on understanding their dreams and aspirations, understanding finances, and most importantly, help them understand that the tragedy was not everything. "We wanted to minimise the whole ghost of being a widow, tell them that it does not need to be denied, but also that it does not have to consume their whole selves. They say they have lost everything and that all they want is for the children to do well. We wanted to give them a ray of hope to live their lives," says Subhashini.

The children participated in activities to help self-development, potential building and leadership traits. The joint activities provided the mothers and children a chance to bond and understand that they could lean on each other. The children cooked a meal for their mothers, and also guided them through a trust walk. "The mothers were touched that their children were so concerned.

This is about breaking patterns; the mother always believes that she is a giver and the child is a taker. These activities helped their kids to express what they felt for their mothers, something they don't get too many opportunities for in daily life, and particularly in single-parent families," she adds.

The participants emerged from the workshop with greater confidence and self-esteem.

For the women, it was the first time in years that they could let their hair down, laugh and have a good time without painful reminders of their losses. They were able to bond with the other participants, and made plans to keep in touch with each other to form local support groups.

Vasantha Ratna was founded to help the families of martyrs, and has been involved in helping the children of martyrs with scholarships. The organisation has also held several contests to create awareness among the youth. However, it was this programme that struck a chord with Subhashini, and given her greater inspiration to keep up the work.

"Over the long-term, we want to identify families that need our help and support the children's education. We want to create networks in districts and towns, so that the widows get social support, when their immediate set-up makes them feel ostracised and isolated. Many of the participants told me that no one had asked them what they want to do, and these are women as young as 29. We want to support these women and reassure them that they can live their own lives," she explains.

For Subhashini, being a martyr's wife is a matter of pride, though one that is deeply personal. "There is pride, of course," she explains. "I cherish this pride, but I don't want to gain publicity from it. I am aware that Vasanth was not the first martyr, and there are several other women who have faced this. I don't want to be a brand ambassador. I want to be a facilitator, and help other women who are going through the same thing I did."
ACTIVITIES

* The Vasantha Ratna Foundation for Art aims to empower martyrs' wives to sustain a dignified livelihood and educate their children.
* The organisation holds annual events to pay tribute to those who have made the ultimate sacrifice. Some of the programmes organised by the Foundation include:
* Salute to Heroes: A tribute to soldiers through music and dance
* Reflections: School competitions to engage with the youth and understand what patriotism means to them
* Providing scholarships to children of martyrs
* Creating a support system for families of martyred soldiers.

Those who wish to volunteer or contribute to support the cause can contact Subhashini Vasanth at vasanthsubhashini@gmail.com

Filmi Fundas

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An interesting offering
Mallika going places Mallika After giving Mallika Sherawat her hit item number Mayya Mayya in Guru and choreographing Vivek Oberoi in Yuva, dance master Brinda is teaming up with the duo once again for their next film Kismat Luv Paisa Dilli.

Brinda, who has worked with stalwarts like Rajnikanth and Kamal Hassan, is all praises for Mallika and Vivek's dedication.

"I had a fantastic time working with them and both were thorough professionals. We had two days to wrap up the song Dishkyaeon which meant there would be long rehearsals in scorching heat but neither of them complained.

Mallika has improved a lot since Maiyya Maiyya. Also the steps in the film are comparatively simpler and Vivek just doesn't give you a chance to complain," she says.

The dance master adds that she is enjoying choreographing for Bollywood films and busts the myth that people here are unprofessional. "I don't think people here are unprofessional. While shooting for Agneepath, I urgently needed five junior artistes and the director made sure I got the best," she notes.

As the name suggests, Kismat Luv Paisa Dilli is partially shot in Delhi and its hotspots. The movie is about how the lives of the two main characters of the film change during the course of one night.

Everybody wants a piece of Aamir!

Aamir Khan's new role as a conscious citizen of the society , courtesy his show, Satyameva Jayate, is being used by some local politicians to promote themselves.

A hoarding featuring the actor and two local politicians was spotted at a junction in Mumbai. The hoarding in question on behalf of the Hind Foundation wasn't too fancy and large.

Aamir's spokesperson said, "No one from Hind Foundation (the party) got in touch with us and no kind of official communication was done with the producers of the show or the channel.

" But swift action was followed and the hoarding was quickly brought down. Well, Aamir's team is quicker than we thought! Maharaja Features

Special birthday celebrations

The entire team of Ajay Devgan's Son Of Sardaar gave their lead actress Sonakshi Sinha a sweet surprise on her birthday. Sonakshi dropped by on the sets in Mumbai and the crew arranged for a delicious chocolate cake and celebrated her birthday in great style.

Director Ashwini Dhir and superstar Ajay Devgan were present as a pleasantly surprised and excited Sonakshi cut the cake.

Directed by Ashwini Dhir, Son of Sardaar stars Ajay Devgan, Sonakshi Sinha, Juhi Chawla and Sanjay Dutt. Produced by Ajay Devgn Ffilms and Viacom 18 Motion
Pictures, it is slated for a Deepavali release on November 13.

With big dreams

Actor Randeep Hooda has been busy filming cosy scenes with Indo-Canadian porn star Sunny Leone in Sri Lanka for Jism 2, and wishes their chemistry is successful in turning on the audiences.

"Just finished a major lovemaking scene for @Jism2. Extreme, exhausting and exhilarating. Hope we can turn people 'on' all over with it (sic)," Randeep posted on Twitter.

Jism 2, a sequel to the 2003-film Jism, is being directed by Pooja Bhatt. It marks Bigg Boss contestant Sunny's debut in Bollywood.


Remake of a classic

David Dhawan's upcoming comic caper Chashme Baddoor, which is a remake of the 1981 hit film of the same name, is slated for release on August 31.

The movie boasts of a fresh young cast such as Ali Zafar, Siddharth (of Rang De Basanti fame) and Divyendu Sharma (of Pyaar Ka Punchnama fame) along with Southern beauty Tapsee who is making her Bollywood debut.

The movie is produced by Viacom 18 Motion Pictures and the music is by Sajid Wajid.

'I'm scared of clowns'
Jada Pinkett Smith, who lends her voice to Gloria, the hippo, in 'Madagascar 3', recently revealed that she is scared of clowns! The actress, when asked about her take on zoo animals and circuses spoke about her fear.

"I'm scared of clowns. But other than that, the thing that I love about all the 'Madagascar' movies is that they are fun and also have a lot of heart. When parents introduce me to their kids, they say, 'She's Gloria!' And the kids go, 'Oh my God! Gloria? You get the nursery school crowd!'"

Featuring the famous and much-loved characters Alex, the lion (Ben Stiller); Marty, the zebra (Chris Rock); Gloria, the hippo; (Jada Pinkett Smith); Melman, the giraffe(David Schwimmer) and King Julian (Sacha Baron Cohen ), 'Madagascar 3' will release on June 8 and recently premiered at the 'Cannes Film Festival'.

Keenly anticipated by the animation lovers, this film promises never-seen-before humour and a fun ride all the way in 3D.


From here & there

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Charming Kudumalai

If you are in Bangalore, don't miss the magnificent Kudumalai temple, about 90 km from the City on the Old Madras Road, just 12 km before Mulbagal. The temple here has a huge Ganesha in the saligrama stone form, a fossil stone found in River Gandaki in Nepal.

The Ganesha is 14-ft tall with a width of seven feet and is magnificently set in a serene mountainous terrain in a village commonly called Kudumalai.

Three decades ago, the temple was known only to the very devoted and had not attracted the attention of the tourists or the State tourism board.

The picture has changed today, with daily pujas performed every day. The temple has been increasingly attracting pilgrims and tourists. Also, the roads leading to the temple have improved vastly. The term Kudumalai is derived from "Kudu" meaning "get together," a reference to the belief that the trinity of Gods assembled here to ask Ganesha to destroy an asura, (a demon) who was harassing the devas (gods).

Legend has it that after Ganesha destroyed the asura, the trinity installed a saligrama sculpture of Ganesha to express their appreciation. Legend also has it that the saligrama statue of Ganesha grew in form and stopped growing after Krishna Deva Raya of Vijayanagar kingdom built a temple around the statue. The Krishna Deva Raya stamp of architecture is there for all to see.

There are exquisite carvings of various gods in the temple including those of Rama, Krishna and Subrahmanya.

Saving precious fuel

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With the concept of 'Go Green' catching up rapidly, many educational institutions and firms have been adhering (or at least trying to adhere) to green initiatives in the coastal districts of the State.

However, Fr Muller Charitable Institutions (FMCI), a well known hospital not only in the region, but also in neighbouring states, has gone a step ahead and installed a biogas plant with help from Rotary, thereby saving a minimum of one cylinder (LPG) a day!It all began when Rotary Club approached Fr Muller Hospital with a proposal to set up a biogas unit, a few months ago. The hospital readily agreed to the novel proposal. As a result, the plant was set up on March 29.

The plant converts organic garbage into cooking gas. The plant has been set up at an estimated cost of Rs 5 lakh, and interestingly, the entire investment can be recovered within 19 months. According to Rotary Club office-bearer Prakash Kalbavi, about 14 kg of biogas can be produced using 300 kg of organic waste, which means that it can produce cooking gas commercially viable at Rs 1,035 per day. It consumes electricity worth Rs 60 and needs one person to sort and load the waste. The gas produced is compressed and connected to burners in the kitchen.

More interestingly, the energy produced is clean and the plant design has ensured that there is no foul smell in the feeding area or in the gas.

The calorific value of this gas is about 4500 cal, which is a little less than LPG. This means the cooking may take slightly longer, but savings in terms of cost, is enormous.

The technology has been provided by a Pune-based firm Mailhem Engineers Pvt Ltd. The basic concept of the design is based on a process known as upward sludge blanket developed by Lattingah in Netherlands. Speaking to Deccan Herald, FMCIAdministrator Rev Fr Rudolf Ravi D'Sa said, at present, only about 150 kg of waste is fed to the biogas plant as the remaining waste is supplied to piggery units of the hospital.

To run to its full capacity, there is a need to generate (feed) 300 kg of waste (vegetables, fish and meat, etc).

The hospital produces an average of 800 to 1,000 kg of waste a day as the hospital prepares food for about 800 patients (thrice a day) and another 1,200 persons (including students, hostelites, nurses and faculty members among others), thus preparing a total of 2,000 meals, three times a day. Apart from the biogas plant, the hospital also has three sewage treatment plants (1.5 lakh litres each and seven lakh litres each) which can take are of all the toilet (flush) and gardening necessities.

In addition, the hospital also has provided solar facilities to all departments and hostels and has replaced tubelights with CFL bulbs.

A show of creativity

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CREATIVE The students display their projects.The students of different departments at HKBK College of Engineering got a chance to display the best of their skills recently in a project exhibition, where they exhibited their knowledge of advanced technology and applied their talents in the best way possible.


The exhibition was inaugurated by the college administrator, Abdul Hameed S A as well as the principal. The projects that were displayed were of the final-year students.

There was a stream of visitors at the exhibition, including staff, junior students as well as parents, and the students responsible for the projects enthusiastically explained the workings of their creations to them.

Rajaram Bhat and Memon Aftab put up a 'digital scene mapping area correlation'. The set-up included a camera placed on a missile, which captures images of an area and compares this with the target image stored in the data base of the missile — which is then launched. Once the captured image is matched with the target image, the warhead is activated.

Pradeep Mali, Praveen Kumar, Ravi Kumar and Avinash Aile created a 'foot mat power generator and automatic gate controller'.

The first provides a method of generating electricity by human mechanical energy. If it is installed in foot mats at malls, railway stations or bus stations, the energy from the human footfall can be collected and stored in lead-acid batteries, after which it can be used to power an automatic gate controller.

A team comprising Bharath, Sudha, Gangamma and Mohan put together an invention that could make a world of a difference to the disabled — a voice-operated, intelligent wheel chair.

It can be used by quadriplegics and people who can't control their movements, since the starting and destination place data is fed vocally.

There were many other fascinating and creative projects. Raj, Sahal, Imtiyaz and Favas created a wireless communication-based digital notice board, where the notices can be updated via text messages.

A touch-screen robot motion controller was put together by Tarique, Osama, Ihsan and Ameen, which operated on a path drawn by the user on a touch screen. Shuhaib, Farooq, Abdulla, Raoof and Arshak created a current-fed boost converter, which impressed all the visitors.

Back to Nature

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An artist-thinker from Shimoga, a Mysorean who is the founder of a software firm and a tax consultant from Gulbarga, all have one thing in common. Their passion for the environment and sustainable living...Meet Devito Nagesh, Chida Shivanna and Chandrakanth Kulkarni.

Renowned French philosopher Rousseau's famous apeal to the French to 'return to nature' made a huge impact during the French revolution and has inspired many generations of poets, litterateurs and thinkers. The 21st-century may have innumerable 'nature lovers', but only a handful of them are serving Nature unconditionally. Devito Nagesh is one such person. He is leading a back-to-the roots kind of life for the past 32 years in a small kuteera (shelter) in the middle of a natural forest spread across 20 acres at a tiny village called Heddur, nearly 25 km from Teerthahalli, with the sole aim of creating awareness among people about the importance of living in harmony with Nature.

Having discontinued his BSc degree at Sahyadri College in Shimoga, he moved to Bangalore to study fine arts. Interestingly, he studied fine arts thoroughly and left the institute without obtaining his certificate.

"I had the urge to learn fine arts; I did it by attending classes regularly. But, I didn't appear for the examination which only measures your performance and potential." Later, he decided to take the road less travelled in spite of opposition from his family members.

Having returned to his native place, Heddur, in 1980, he made up his mind to lead an environment friendly life in a natural forest close to his ancestral house.

"Though 20 acres of natural forest area belong to the forest department, the authorities concerned haven't raised any objections so far, as I am doing my bit for Nature."

He has named the 20 acres forest area 'Vana Chetana' which welcomes everybody. Once you step into it, you feel as if you have entered an entirely new world, a new civilisation.

He has transformed discarded objects and natural materials such as wood, etc, into meaningful ones showcasing his outstanding and rare viewpoints on various aspects of life.

This apart, the place offers some tricky-yet-fun games for visitors. One needs to visit this place with an open mind and an urge to learn new things.

The statue of a mother holding a child on her back is the major attraction of Vana Chetana. He has carved this statue with the aim of conveying a message to mankind that Mother Nature is bearing the burden of her children with a smile.

Unlike several self-declared environmentalists, Nagesh has neither any profit motive nor hunger for publicity. The sole objective of his life is to broaden the horizons of the present generation's thinking ability. Besides, he wants to create awareness about leading an environment-friendly life.

S K Nrupathunga

Organic is the way to go

Oxygen Acres, located on the outskirts of Mysore, is bustling with activity all through the week. Apart from routine work on the organic farm, more than 50 visitors, many of them prospective dairy farmers, arrive at Oxygen Acres to see what it takes to churn out organic products, including milk, a variety of cheeses and soaps.

Run by Chida Shivanna, who also is the founder of a software firm, Oxygen Acres is run entirely on the principles of organic farming. The farm has seen an increase in production of milk over the last two years.

Having stared with supplying organic milk, Oxygen Acres is expanding and has added varieties of paneer, butter, ghee and milk-based soaps. Mozzarella and cheddar cheese for customers is also being planned by early 2013. Also, plans are afoot to offer organic vegetables and few fruits.

Speaking to Spectrum, Shivanna said: "I started running the farm as a hobby and supplied fresh and pure milk to friends and my own family members." Having received a good response from the public, the farm expanded its cattle numbers from five cows to 40 cows.

Shivanna said, "Our goal is to feed organically grown ingredients to our cows. Also, we have taken a holistic approach to rearing cows by depending less on medication for our cows. If they do fall sick and are treated with antibiotics, we separate that cow from the herd." The milk from the cow is not supplied to customers for 14 days in order to ensure that traces of antibiotics are not present in the milk. Due to high demand, we are planning to increase the number of cattle as long as the land supports the expansion.

We have a formula of five cows per acre of grass," he adds.

Explaining what kind of feed is provided to the cattle, Shivanna says, "Diet for the cattle has variety in it. We feed Napier grass, azola, lucern, nugge soppu (drumstick leaves) and agase soppu (a local variety of greens), all grown organically. Growth hormones or milk enhancers are not used on our cows. We let mother Nature decide the quality and quantity of the milk." Even the plants grown on the farm are supplied with cow dung manure, cow urine (ganjala) and biogas slurry ensuring that the farm remains 100 per cent organic. No chemicals are employed in cleaning as pressure washers are used for all washing purposes.

The biogas unit takes care of cooking needs within the farm. "Our biogas is connected to our 15 KVA generator, which runs for four to five hours per day on a daily basis. We also have 2 KWA solar panels with storage capacity of upto 15 KWA. Energy produced from these two sources run our farm house, cow shed and cheese unit uninterrupted," he adds.

Discussing the initial problems, Shivanna explained that soil fertility takes a long time to develop. He believes that organic farming takes perseverance and lots of patience. It took almost three years for us to get optimum growth and yield from our soil. However, in the long run, it is sustainable and very lucrative, he says.

"Organic farming is all about self-sustenance. You produce your own manure, fodder and even electrical energy. In the long run, you are doing a whole lot of good for yourself and the environment - it is personally gratifying as well as profitable. Organic farming provides a holistic approach to prosperity," he adds.

Manish

Naturally speaking...

A mere 2.5-acre-plot, with an income of Rs 10 lakh. How did Chandrakanth Kulkarni go about achieving that? This farmer has natural farming methods to thank for. A tax consultant with a passion for agriculture, he owns seven acres of land near Gulbarga. His intention was to convert his land into a veritable forest.He bought pomegranate saplings from Maharashtra in 2007 and planted them on his farm. But, after one-and-a-half years, all that he got was a mere two tonnes of yield. Many scientists suggested to him to opt for chemical farming; but Chandrakanth was in search of alternative methods.

He strongly believed in natural methods, and decided to adhere to them. He bought cows and constructed a shed and a tank. Natural manure in the form of cow dung was supplied to all plants. He also took up mulching. After two years of struggle, he finally managed to reap a great harvest.

"In 2010 and 2011, I supplied a huge quantity of pomegranate to major agri business firms. This year, I directly sent my entire produce to Hyderabad," Chadrakanth points out.

This year, he has sold 12 tonnes of pomegranate and gained an income of Rs 10 lakh. "I challenge those who say agriculture is a non profitable business" Chandrakanth says confidently.

His farm is full of weeds, bushes and shrubs. "Actually, they help retain the fertility of soil and also conserve water. Some agricultural scientists visited my farm and recommended removal of weeds. Not many know of the relation between soil- microbes- plants," says Chandrakanth.

AnandaTeertha Pyati

The tricks of the trade

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inspiring Students at the programme. The programme, which lasted for two days, was attended by a few industrialists and talented businessmen, who could effectively help inspire and educate the students on various tricks of the trade.

The students too had a chance to voice their opinions and ideas and interact with the best from the industry — a valuable opportunity for them. The college also announced its intention of setting up an in-house EDP cell.

The speakers at the programme included J Crasta, an industrialist and former president of FICCI; and K Subramaniam, the head of the entrepreneurship-development programme cell at R V College of Engineering. On the first day of the programme, J Crasta spoke briefly to the students on the various dimensions that go into starting a new venture.

This was rather useful for the students, many of whom aimed to begin their own start-ups. Crasta also discussed the different financing options open to an entrepreneur under the various schemes created by the government — this giving them valuable advice on how to fund their projects.

On the second day, K Subramaniam addressed the students. Like Crasta, his speech too focussed on the financing of a new venture, but he also broadened the topic — he spoke briefly about the elements of marketing a new venture and how to conceive business ideas and judge the feasibility of each one of them.

After a short lunch break, the students and speakers regrouped once more. And this time, it was the students of the management school who took centre stage. They took the opportunity to launch both products as well as ideas. It was a wonderful session for them, as they could directly interact with the creme-de-la-creme of the world of business.

They put forth various business ideas, which they then defended and used these theories to highlight the relevance of their products and ideas.

Payal Bhattacharya, a first-year student, was part of this group. She shared her ideas for the marketing a mint-based cold drink. "There are many others products like this in the market, so the speakers guided me on how to cut my cost.

In this vase, my largest cost was distribution charges so we focussed on how I could reduce that," she says. This wasn't the only form of guidance she received at the programme.

"Everyone has great ideas but we were taught how to do the right research and convert these into reality. The speakers also helped in terms of providing us with contacts, who would be supportive if we ever started our own venture," she explains.

Surging ahead with confidence

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Proud The graduating batch of Presidency College. About 160 odd students of the MBA batch of Presidency College graduated in style in a colourful event held at a hotel in the City recently. Wearing blue blazers, red ties and well-polished shoes, the girls and boys looked stunning in their outfits.

They lost no chance to click as many pictures as they could with their friends, teachers and with the chief guest.

Most students who were graduating had specialised in human resource and finance. Almost eight per cent of the students were placed in reputed organisations through campus recruitment. The management did well to rope in some of the top companies in the City for recruitment.

Further, the management supports its students in the job hunt for a year after they graduate, until they are placed. In addition to administering the oath, rank holders and the outstanding performers were awarded on the occasion.

Apurva Purohit, CEO, Radio City 91.1 FM who was the chief guest, advised the students to realise their potential and effectively utilise it to build a good career. She says, "It's a competitive world today, and therefore you have to struggle hard to excel in your career and life." She called upon the students to be integrated, empowered and committed to excellence. She also emphasised on the importance of adaptability and change in order to succeed.

Delivering the keynote address, Pallab Bandyopadhyay, director HR, Citrix R&D India, advised the students to work towards their dreams by not taking short cuts in life.

He emphasised the value of ethical management in his address to the students.
The students were an excited lot.

Most of them had grand plans for their future and intended to start their own firms but first they wanted to gain some experience before they ventured out.


Vikas A R has majored in human resource and wishes to do something to keep the environment clean. "Today's generation is far more conscious to keeping the City clean. My two years in this college have given me a chance to participate in as many fests as possible. The exposure I got has made me a more confident individual," he says.

Archana M P too has majored in human resource and she intends to do something to reduce the pollution levels in the City. "I want to do something to popularise car-pooling in the City. The last two years that I spent in college have taught me to be a go-getter," she says.


Mona and Nandini, both students of finance, plan to start their own ventures. They are both rank holders and say they really worked hard to bag the rank. "It's the coaching in college and the assignments that were given to us in college that helped us secure ranks," they say.

The college brings in one guest speaker from the industry every month and all the assignments given to the students are based on the existing market condition. "We have 52 assignments a year and all of them help us understand the industry better. We get a hands-on experience of the job market even before we venture out," says Vikas.

Brahm Sharma, director of Presidency Business School concludes, "We prepare our students for the corporate world. We bring in the best from the business world to interact with the students. And students are encouraged to interact with their mentors regularly. This is not only a morale booster but enhances productivity as well."

Through the life of a legend

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It was time for a walk down the memory lane at the 'Dr Rajkumar Souharda Prashasti' award ceremony, held recently.

An award, popularly known as the Appaji Souharda Prashasti, is given to members of the Kannada film fraternity. The award includes a cash prize of Rs one lakh and a memento.


This year, singer P B Srinivas, who is known as the voice of Rajkumar, actress Ranganayaki and director Dattaraj were bestowed the honour.

The event began with an instrumental music recital in the background. Raghavendra Rajkumar's song came next and complemented the ambience.

After receiving the award, Srinivas described music as his mother tongue and said that he enjoyed singing for Rajkumar.He had even penned a song that described the relationship he shared with Rajkumar and sang it for the audience.

"I'm extremely happy to have received this award. I will never be able to forget this day in my life," he said. Ranganayaki took pride in receiving the award and to have worked with a person like Rajkumar. She recalled how the actor used to call her his sister and broke down.

Dattaraj thanked the Rajkumar family to have considered him for the award."I wanted to retire from directing at one point of time. If it wasn't for
Dr Rajkumar and his family, I would have probably not made many films," he recalled.

The Rajkumar family was present at the event and actors like Tara, Ramkumar, Shivaram, Jayamala and Ramya graced the occasion. "We have given awards to our favourite people. We hope to continue this," said Shivarajkumar. The much-awaited book 'Dr Rajkumar: The Person Behind The Personality' was also released on the occasion. Puneeth Rajkumar, with the help of his family, has contributed to the collection.

"This book was my dream. It was a thrilling experience to have worked on it for about eight years. I wanted to show my affection for him as an actor and a father," said Puneeth.

The book depicts the actor's personal life and his career in about 300 pages and has rare photographs of him. The Rajkumar family said they will contribute all the money earned from the sales of this book to various Kannada schools in Karnataka, to educate children with fewer privileges.

"This book has an attractive and unique title. The story is beautifully told with rare pictures of my father," said Shivarajkumar.
DHNS
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